INTRODUCTION TO DATA PROCESSING

  DATA AND INFORMATION DEFINITION OF DATA Data are raw, unorganized or unprocessed facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organised.   TYPES OF DATA Qualitative data  i.e descriptive information Quantitative data  i.e  numeric information   SUBDIVISION OF QUANTITATIVE DATA Continuous data: this can take any value. It is also known as measured data. It can take value within a range e.g  0-99, 10-20 etc. Discrete data: this type of data is whole in nature. It is not continuous. It takes a whole numbers and also called Counted data.   FORMS OF DATA Numeric  i. e  0-9 Letters  i.e  a-z or A-Z Symbols  e.g   + , _ , * , % , = , <, >, etc EXAMPLES OF DATA Numbers, name of thing, place or animal, words, measurements, observations, descriptions of things etc.   SOURCES O...

   ICT APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE ICT has turned this world to a global village. Apart from communication, that is, reaching people both far and near; it has also made the work easier and better.  Better productivity, salaries, health care and even farming and education.   SECTORS WHERE ICT HAS PLAYED MAJOR ROLE Education Banking Industry Commerce   EDUCATION ICT is applied in the education sector in the following ways: Research for teaching materials, online conference etc. ICT or computers are used as a reference tools. ICT or computer is used by the researchers to collect and process data. Computers are used as administrative tools. ICT offers interactive learning.   BANKING SECTOR Banks use computers to control the entire banking system. On-line transactions by customers are possible 24 hour. Accessing company account by businessmen On-line. Supervision of bank...

  COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM A computer system consists of three main parts otherwise called components. They are : Hardware Software People ware   HARDWARE COMPONENT The computer hardware could be defined as the physical parts of the computer that we see, feel and handle. It consists of device for input, processing, storage, output and communications. Hardware can be divided into two sections: System Unit The peripherals   HARDWARE Hardware is the physical parts of the computer system that you can see and touch. They are the components that make up the visible computer. It consists of devices for input, processing, storage, output and communications. The basic parts of computer hardware can be divided into: System Unit Peripherals   CPU/SYSTEM UNIT The CPU is the brain of computer system and it can subdivided into: Control Unit Arithmetic and Logic Unit Memory Unit   CONTROL UNIT This is the uni...

  DIGITALIZATION OF DATA Digitalization is the process of converting information into digital format. This information may represent an object, image, sound, document or a signal (usually an analog signal) organized into discrete set of its points or samples. This is the binary data that computers and many devices with computing capacity (such as digital camera and digital hearing aids) can process.   Digitalization can also be defined as the integration of digital technologies into everyday life. Digital system uses a binary numeric system in which electronic pulses are represented by either 0 for a Low pulse or 1 for a High pulse. Digital can more easily represent symbols such as alphanumeric characters that represent real world data than the analog system.   BENEFITS OF DIGITALIZATION Long term preservation of documents Orderly archiving of documents Easy and customized access to information Easy information dissemination through images an...